DYSPHAGIA

DYSPHAGIA : impairment of swallowing (involve lips to LES)

Can be classified into 2: (high dysphagia or low dysphagia)

A. High (involve oral, pharyngeal, upper oesophagus)
I. neurological/neuromuscular
-CVA
-parkinsons disease
-motor neurone disease
-muscular dystrophy

Ii. Mechanical or structural
-zenkers diverticulum
-pharyngeal pouch
-oropharyngeal tumour

B. Low (involve lower oesophagus and LES)
I. Motility disorder
    -primary (Achalasia, diffuse oesophageal spasm, nutcracker oesophagus)

-secondary (multiple sclerosis, SLE, Chagas disease)

Ii.mechanical
   -intrinsic/intraluminal (oesophageal CA, benign stricture, CA of cardia, GERD)

-extrinsic or extraluminal (bronchogenic CA, thoracoaortic aneurysm, goitre, TB, hodgkin or nonhodgkin lymphoma)

#source: nota Dysphagia Mr Faiz Idris + BST Prof Saufi

#kikilala